Science
The research the BLOCKS assistant answers from: 1,170 studies and 82 guides, each graded for how strong the evidence is and who it was measured on, with a link to the original paper.
1,170 entries
BDurability as an independent parameter of endurance performance in cycling5-min and 20-min power after a 1000 kJ fatigue protocol in amateur cyclistsBarsumyan 2025BIn 13 well-trained cyclists and triathletes, 150 min of moderate riding cut VT1 power by 6% and 5-min TT power by 9%, and riders whose VT1 held up lost less TT power (rs = 0.72)While durability was not related to muscle carnosine, citrate synthase or complex I activityHamilton 2024BThe Relationship Between Physiological Characteristics and Durability in Male Professional CyclistsSpragg 2022BChanges in cycling efficiency and performance after endurance exerciseEarly demonstration that prolonged riding lowers 5-min power together with gross efficiencyPassfield & Doust 2000A-Revisiting the evidence on caffeine mouth rinse: effects on exercise and cognitive performanceA meta-analytic reviewDeng 2026BMIT or HIT for a one-week block?In 22 well-trained cyclists, both blocks were followed by higher 15-min power (+4.9 vs +2.8%, no difference) and MIT gained more at 4 mmol/L; fixed order (MIT first), no control period.Rønnestad 2025BWearable technology metrics are associated with energy deficiency and psychological stress in elite swimmersLundstrom EA 2024B+The "dark side" of general health and fitness-related self-service technologies: A systematic review of the literature and directions for future researchChen H 2024C+Wearable technology for athletes: Information overload and pseudoscience?Halson SL 2016APlacebo and nocebo effects on sports and exercise performance: A systematic literature review updateChhabra B & Szabo A 2024C+The tale of orthosomnia: I am so good at sleeping that I can do it with my eyes closed and my fitness tracker on meJahrami H 2023B+Prevalence of orthosomnia in a general population sample: A cross-sectional studyJahrami H 2024C+Orthosomnia: Are some patients taking the quantified self too far?Baron KG 2017A-Placebo sleep affects cognitive functioningDraganich C & Erdal K 2014A-Sham sleep feedback delivered via actigraphy biases daytime symptom reports in people with insomnia: Implications for insomnia disorder and wearable devicesGavriloff D 2018C+Making sense of wearables dataAltini M 2024BLess is more — Cyclists-triathletes' 30 min cycling time-trial performance is impaired with multiple feedback compared to a single feedbackBayne F 2020B+Cycling in the absence of task-related feedback: Effects on pacing and performanceSmits BLM 2016BThe double-edged sword of self-tracking: investigating factors of technostress in performance-oriented cycling and triathlonWerner M & Bischof A 2024C+Mechanisms of decreased motoneurone excitation during passive muscle stretching: H-reflex falls 25% at a small stretch and about 54% at a larger one, and recovers as soon as the joint returns to neutralGuissard 2001C+Unraveling the Mechanisms of Manual Therapy: Modeling an ApproachMechanical force triggers systemic neurophysiological pain inhibition; overall treatment effects are smallBialosky 2021C+Does electrical stimulation enhance post-exercise performance recovery? Brief review: low-frequency NMES mimics active recovery, but evidence for physiological or soreness benefit is limitedBabault 2014ACompression Garments and Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: two meta-analyses (Hill 2014; Brown 2017)Hill 2017B+Water immersion for recovery: cold works, 10-15 °C for 5-15 min is the protocol, and whether hot or thermoneutral water does anything at all is genuinely unknown rather than known to be uselessVersey 2013AAn Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-Exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-AnalysisDupuy 2018BIntermittent-Sprint Performance and Muscle Glycogen after 30 h of Sleep DeprivationIn 10 team-sport athletes a sleepless night slowed sprints (2.78 vs 2.74 s), cut self-paced distance, lowered muscle glycogen (209 vs 274 mmol/kg dw) and voluntary force/activation, and worsened…Skein 2015A-Hold-relax and contract-relax (PNF) stretching for hamstrings flexibility: large immediate gains versus no intervention, conflicting results versus static stretchingSystematic review with meta-analysisCayco 2019A-Six weeks of static stretching increased ankle range of motion without changing muscle or tendon stiffness, fascicle length, passive torque or strengthThe gain is stretch tolerance, not tissueKonrad & Tilp 2018BRoller-Massager Application to the Hamstrings Increases Sit-and-Reach Range of Motion Within Five to Ten Seconds Without Performance ImpairmentsSullivan 2017C+Percussive massage: the one verified study shows more bench-press repetitions before a velocity-loss cut-off; the range-of-motion and stiffness claims are unverifiedKonrad 2021AA Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foam Rolling on Performance and RecoveryWiewelhove 2019A-Effects of foam rolling on performance and recovery: A systematic review of the literature to guide practitioners on the use of foam rollingHendricks 2020BAfter stopping training, VO2max fell 7% in 21 days and stabilised 16% below the trained value by day 56; oxidative enzymes halved in about 12 days, but capillaries did not fallSeven endurance-trained people, 84 days of inactivityCoyle 1984BCOVID-19 in UK international athletes: mostly mild and self-limiting, but median time loss 18 days and 27% still unavailable after 4 weeksLower-respiratory features triple the risk of prolonged illnessHull 2022AEffect of Training Cessation on Muscular Performance: A Meta-AnalysisBosquet 2013B+Detraining: Loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Parts I & IIMujika & Padilla 2000B+Brain endurance training in road cyclists: in two RCTs, a 6-week block of response-inhibition tasks AFTER each session (5×/week) improved time to exhaustion and 20-min TT more than control, with lower RPE and no physiological differences; 5-min TT did not changeStaiano 2023A-The Effects of Mental Fatigue on Physical Performance: A Systematic ReviewVan Cutsem 2017B+Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humansMarcora 2009BIn 39 athletes (14 with overtraining syndrome), OTS was triggered independently by eating patternsDaily carbohydrate, protein and calorie intake — and not by training patterns; once present, it independently lowered cortisol, late GH and ACTH responses, the testosterone:estradiol ratio…Cadegiani & Kater 2019