Science
The research the BLOCKS assistant answers from: 1,170 studies and 82 guides, each graded for how strong the evidence is and who it was measured on, with a link to the original paper.
1,170 entries
BSelf-paced exercise is less physically challenging than enforced constant pace exercise of the same intensity: influence of complex central metabolic controlLander 2009B+Power production strategy during steady-state cycling is cadence dependentYamaguchi 2023BThe Effect of Cadence on the Mechanics and Energetics of Constant Power CyclingBrennan 2019BCadence, power, and muscle activation in cycle ergometryMacIntosh 2000CRethinking Exercise Metabolism: From "Aerobic vs. Anaerobic" to Metabolic EquilibriumSan Millán 2026B+Immune and inflammation responses to a 3-day period of intensified running versus cyclingNieman 2014BThe Effects of Palmar Cooling on Repeated Sprinting Ability: A Randomized Controlled Clinical TrialBrown M 2025B+An Evidence-Based Review of the Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Exercise-Associated Muscle CrampsMiller KC 2022B+Cause of Exercise Associated Muscle Cramps (EAMC)Altered Neuromuscular Control, Dehydration or Electrolyte Depletion?Schwellnus MP 2009BWhole Body Sweat Rate Prediction: Indoor Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer ExerciseJay O 2024BRehydration After Exercise-Induced Fluid Losses: Comparing Flavored Water, Coconut Water, and Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Sports BeverageBell SK & Spriet LL 2025C+Practical Hydration Solutions for SportsBelval LN 2019B+Heat, Hydration and the Human Brain, Heart and Skeletal MusclesTrangmar SJ & Gonzalez-Alonso J 2019BPerceived Dehydration Impairs Endurance Cycling Performance in the Heat in Active MalesFunnell MP 2024BHypohydration Impairs Endurance Performance: A Blinded StudyJames LJ 2017CHydration for the Tokyo Olympics: To Thirst or Not to Thirst?Périard JD 2021AThe Hydrating Effects of Hypertonic, Isotonic and Hypotonic Sports Drinks and Waters on Central Hydration During Continuous Exercise: A Systematic Meta-AnalysisRowlands DS 2022CModelling Sodium Requirements of Athletes Across a Variety of Exercise ScenariosIdentifying When to Test and Target, or Season to TasteMcCubbin AJ 2022B+Explaining Variation in Sweat Sodium Concentration: Effect of Individual Characteristics and Exercise, Environmental, and Dietary FactorsBaker LB 2022B+Normative Data for Sweating Rate, Sweat Sodium Concentration, and Sweat Sodium Loss in Athletes: An Update and Analysis by SportBarnes KA 2019B+Sodium Intake for Athletes Before, During and After Exercise: Review and RecommendationsMcCubbin AJ 2025B+Partitioning the metabolic cost of human running: a task-by-task approachArellano & Kram 2014A-Performance effects of periodized carbohydrate restriction in endurance trained athletesSystematic review and meta-analysisGejl & Nybo 2021BGaining more from doing less? The effects of a one-week deload period during supervised resistance training on muscular adaptationsA full week off at the midpoint of a 9-week program cost lower-body strength and bought nothing in hypertrophy, power or enduranceColeman 2024A-CoQ10 supplementation: limited and inconsistent effects on exercise performanceSystematic review and meta-analysisDeng 2025B+Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demandsA reviewJongkees 2015C+Effects of L-Tyrosine Ingestion on Endurance Performance in Mentally Fatigued CyclistsSolon-Júnior 2026B+Astaxanthin supplementation does not augment fat use or improve endurance performanceRes 2013C+Effect of astaxanthin on cycling time trial performanceEarnest 2011BThe effect of astaxanthin supplementation on performance and fat oxidation during a 40 km cycling time trialBrown 2021ASea-level exercise performance following adaptation to hypoxia: a meta-analysis51 studies, six protocols; in subelite athletes natural live-high-train-low gave +4.2% (±2.9%) and brief intermittent artificial LHTL +2.6% (±1.2%) in maximal endurance power; in elite athletes only…Bonetti & Hopkins 2009B+Combining Hypoxic Methods for Peak PerformanceMillet 2010B+The Development of Functional Overreaching Is Associated with a Faster Heart Rate Recovery in Endurance AthletesIn 31 triathletes, only the 10 who became functionally overreached showed a faster HRR (+8 ± 5 bpm) during overload, so a faster HRR is not automatically good newsAubry 2015AA Systematic Review on Markers of Functional Overreaching in Endurance AthletesRoete 2021APrevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Overtraining Syndrome: Joint Consensus Statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports MedicineMeeusen 2013B+Sleep and Athletic Performance: Impacts on Physical Performance, Mental Performance, Injury Risk and Recovery, and Mental HealthAn Update. Athletes are at high risk of short, poor, irregular and mistimed sleep, and sleep loss impairs strength, speed, cognition and injury recoveryCharest & Grandner 2022A-Effects of Acute Sleep Loss on Physical Performance: A Systematic and Meta-Analytical ReviewCraven 2022C+Sleep Hygiene for Optimizing Recovery in Athletes: Review and RecommendationsVitale 2019BInfluence of Pedal Cadence on the Respiratory Compensation Point and Its Relation to Critical PowerBroxterman 2015BInfluence of Upright Versus Time Trial Cycling Position on Determination of Critical Power and W' in Trained CyclistsKordi 2019