Science
The research the BLOCKS assistant answers from: 1,148 studies and 82 guides, each graded for how strong the evidence is and who it was measured on, with a link to the original paper.
1,148 entries
B+"Fuel for the Work Required" — carbohydrate-periodization framework + glycogen threshold hypothesis; train-low boosts muscle signalling in ~75% of studies but improved performance in only 37%Impey 2018BDouble-Poling vs G3 Skating — physiological & biomechanical differences in world-class skiersSandbakk 2014BGross Efficiency Distinguishes World-Class from National-Level Sprint SkiersSandbakk 2010B+Physiological Capacity and Training Routines of Elite Cross-Country SkiersApproaching upper limits of human enduranceSandbakk & Holmberg 2017BBrick effect: neuromuscular control & running economy after cyclingTier-dependentBonacci 2011B+Specific Aspects of Contemporary TriathlonPhysiological determinants & analysisBentley 2002B+Physiological Differences Between Cycling and RunningLessons from TriathletesMillet 2009BTapering in Competitive SwimmersHormonal & performance responsesMujika 1996B+Aerobic Potential, Stroke Parameters & Coordination in Front-Crawl PerformancePelayo 2007B+Biomechanics of Competitive Front Crawl SwimmingDrag, propulsion, efficiencyToussaint & Beek 1992BDeterminants of 2000-m rowing ergometer performance in elite rowersIngham 2002ASex Differences in Strength & Size Adaptations to Resistance Training in Older AdultsMeta-analysisJones 2020C+Menstrual-Cycle Phase-Based Resistance Training (follicular vs luteal)Muscle strength & massKissow 2022B+Creatine Supplementation in Women's Health: A Lifespan PerspectiveSmith-Ryan 2021ADefining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (6-tier)McKay 2022AISSN Position Stand: Nutritional Considerations for Single-Stage Ultra-MarathonTiller 2019BMultiple-transportable carbohydratesGlucose+fructose at 2.4 g/min reaches ~1.75 g/min exogenous oxidation vs ~1.06 g/min for glucose aloneJentjens & Jeukendrup 2005A-Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome (EIGS)Systematic reviewCosta 2017C+Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Endurance AthletesInterpretation & relevanceFlockhart & Larsen 2024C+Bone Health in Endurance Athletes: Runners, Cyclists, and SwimmersScofield & Hecht 2012BSleep in hybrid (HYROX) athletesResistance vs endurance session before bed changes sleep latency, WASO and cardiac arousals (pilot, n=8)Buoite Stella 2026BTime-Restricted Eating (8-h window) in elite under-23 cyclistsPerformance maintained, weight and fat down, anabolic hormones down (RCT)Moro 2020BGut microbiome × endurance — Veillonella metabolizes lactate to propionate (landmark)Scheiman 2019APlyometric training / stretch-shortening cyclePerformance and injury prevention meta-analysisWeerasinghe 2026AHuman tendon adaptation to mechanical loadingMeta-analysis (masters injury-risk relevance)Bohm 2015AVelocity-Based Training: velocity-loss threshold ≤25% superior to >25%Meta-analysisHernández-Belmonte & Pallarés 2022B+Rate of Force Development (RFD): physiological and methodological considerationsExplosive strengthMaffiuletti 2016AHow many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of resistance-training frequency (frequency as a vehicle for volume)Schoenfeld 2019ADose-response relationship between weekly resistance-training volume and muscle hypertrophyMeta-analysis: each extra weekly set ≈ +0.37% muscle gain; higher vs lower volume +3.9%Schoenfeld 2017AConcurrent Training: A Meta-Analysis Examining Interference of Aerobic and Resistance ExercisesWilson 2012C+Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training: From Molecules to ManAMPK↔mTOR interference mechanismNader 2006BAcute physiological responses and performance determinants in HYROXThe first scientific study on HYROXBrandt 2025A-Should I go pyramidal first, then polarized?In 60 well-trained runners' 16-week base period, all four plans improved; pyramidal-then-polarized ended best, by less than the 5-km test's noise (3.2%), and no race followed.Filipas 2022C+The interactions of some commonly consumed drugs with mitochondrial adaptations to exerciseRobinson 2009BEffect of bisoprolol and atenolol on endurance exercise capacity in healthy menVanhees 2000CCoenzyme Q10 reverses mitochondrial dysfunction in atorvastatin-treated mice and increases exercise enduranceMuraki 2012B+Simvastatin Impairs Exercise Training AdaptationsMikus 2013B+The Effects of Statin Medications on Aerobic Exercise Capacity and Training AdaptationsMurlasits & Radák 2014BInternal and External Load Characteristics in Professional Female Cyclists During Highly Successful and Less Successful SeasonsRoete 2025BElite versus non-elite cyclistStepping up to the international/elite ranks from U23 cyclingLeo 2022