Science
The research the BLOCKS assistant answers from: 1,118 studies and 81 guides, each graded for how strong the evidence is and who it was measured on, with a link to the original paper.
26 entries in Frameworks & athlete types
BDoes activity itself make the difference if genes are equal?In 10 identical male twin pairs aged 32-36, the twin more active for 3 years was leaner and more insulin-sensitive. Cross-sectional, abstract only: not proof of cause.Rottensteiner 2015B+Does a poor responder to one kind of training do better on another?34 untrained young twin pairs: strength followed 12 wk of lifting, VO2max 12 wk of endurance; "responder" was any change >0 in one test, so the rescue claim is unproven.Marsh 2020B-Why people gain so differently from the same resistance programmeSummary of the 2025 Jyväskylä conference by the leading groups: the training variables matter (about 12 sets per muscle a week, at least 60 s rest and 2 min on multi-joint lifts, no more than 2 reps…Roberts 2026BPredictors of individual adaptation to high-volume or high-intensity endurance training in recreational endurance runnersVesterinen 2015B+Inter-Individual Variability in the Adaptive Responses to Endurance and Sprint Interval Training: A Randomized Crossover StudyBonafiglia 2016B+Refuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: 'non-responders' do respond to higher dose of trainingMontero & Lundby 2017B+Does Higher Intensity Increase the Rate of Responders to Endurance Training When Total Energy Expenditure Remains Constant? A Randomized Controlled TrialReuter 2023BCritical power and work-prime account for variability in endurance training adaptations not captured by V̇O2maxCollins 2022BEffects of Initial Performance, Gross Efficiency and VO2peak Characteristics on Subsequent Adaptations to Endurance Training in Competitive CyclistsSkovereng 2018ADefining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework (6-tier)McKay 2022BSleep in hybrid (HYROX) athletesResistance vs endurance session before bed changes sleep latency, WASO and cardiac arousals (pilot, n=8)Buoite Stella 2026BTime-Restricted Eating (8-h window) in elite under-23 cyclistsPerformance maintained, weight and fat down, anabolic hormones down (RCT)Moro 2020BGut microbiome × endurance — Veillonella metabolizes lactate to propionate (landmark)Scheiman 2019APlyometric training / stretch-shortening cyclePerformance and injury prevention meta-analysisWeerasinghe 2026B+Limited reproducibility of individual physiological adaptations to repeated endurance exercise trainingOdden 2026B+Gross Efficiency Response to Endurance TrainingPhenotypic trade-off with VO₂max adaptationHopker 2012B+Individual response to exercise trainingA statistical perspective on what valid responder classification requiresHecksteden 2018B+Can Genetic Testing Identify Talent for Sport?Review of the limits and prospects of genetic testing for talent identificationPickering & Kiely 2019B+Genomic predictors of the maximal O₂ uptake response to standardized exercise training21-SNP polygenic score for trainabilityBouchard 2011B+HRV-guided training: individualized periodization based on daily autonomic readinessExemplar of wearable-based phenotypingVesterinen 2016AACE Insertion/Deletion polymorphism and the elite endurance phenotypeUpdated systematic review and meta-analysisSommers 2024A-ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and power/endurance phenotypeMost-replicated single-gene association for athletic phenotypeACTN3 R577X Meta-Analysis 2024B+High Responders and Low Responders: Factors Associated with Individual Variation in Response to Standardized TrainingMann 2014B+True and false interindividual differences in the physiological response to an interventionMethodological foundation for analyzing individual response varianceAtkinson & Batterham 2015B+Familial aggregation of VO₂max response to trainingThe HERITAGE Family Study paper establishing the genetic component of trainabilityBouchard 1999A-The effect of post-exercise heat exposure (passive heat acclimation) on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysisSolomon & Laye 2025