Science
The research the BLOCKS assistant answers from: 1,118 studies and 81 guides, each graded for how strong the evidence is and who it was measured on, with a link to the original paper.
100 entries in More topics
BThe Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Resistance Training-Induced AdaptationsHeileson 2023B+Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Processes: From Molecules to ManCalder 2017B+A 3-min All-Out Test to Determine Peak Oxygen Uptake and the Maximal Steady StateBurnley 2006BRelative Pedaling Forces Are Low During CyclingBarranco-Gil 2024B+Low Cadence Interval Training at Moderate Intensity Does Not Improve Cycling Performance in Highly Trained Veteran CyclistsKristoffersen 2014B+Caffeine and Exercise: Metabolism, Endurance and PerformanceGraham 2001AISSN Position Stand: Caffeine and Performance (2010)Goldstein 2010B+Exercise and Sport Performance with Low Doses of CaffeineSpriet 2014C+Peaking for Optimal Performance: Research Limitations and Future DirectionsPyne 2009BA model study of optimal training reduction during pre-event taper in elite swimmersThomas 2008C+A Mechanistic Approach to Blood Flow OcclusionLoenneke 2010A-Blood Flow Restriction Training in Endurance Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisZhang 2025B+Block Periodization in Trained Cyclists: VO2max Gains vs Traditional TrainingGalán-Rioja 2023A-Combined blood-flow-restricted + interval training: meta-analysis of adaptationsYin 2025BTraining and Performance Characteristics among Norwegian International Rowers 1970-2001Fiskerstrand & Seiler 2004BPhysiological and Performance Effects of Low- versus Mixed-Intensity Rowing TrainingIngham 2008C+The Training of International Level Distance RunnersTjelta 2016A-The Effect of Different High-Intensity Periodization Models on Endurance AdaptationsSylta 2016BEvolution of Physiological and Haematological Parameters with Training Load in Elite Male Road Cyclists: One-Season Longitudinal StudyZapico 2007BImpact of Training Intensity Distribution on Performance in Endurance Athletes: low-intensity emphasis beats between-thresholds emphasis over 5 months (sub-elite runners)Esteve-Lanao 2007B+Endurance Exercise Performance: The Physiology of ChampionsThree determinants (VO2max, lactate threshold, efficiency)Joyner & Coyle 2008BWorld-Class Long-Distance Running Performances Are Best Predicted by Volume of Easy Runs and Deliberate Practice of Short-Interval and Tempo RunsCasado 2021B+The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven PracticeHaugen 2022BEleven-Week Polarized vs Pyramidal Intensity Distribution in National Elite Rowers: Polarized Not SuperiorTreff 2017B+Does Polarized Training Improve Performance in Recreational Runners? (10-km race, 10 weeks)Muñoz 2014BEffects of Concurrent Endurance and Strength Training on Running Economy and VO2 Kinetics in TriathletesMillet 2002C+The Day-by-Day Periodization Strategies of a Giro d'Italia Podium Finisher: A 152-Day Case StudyGallo 2024C+A narrative review arguing for the polarized model: nearly all training "light" (RPE ≤13) or "very hard" (RPE ≥17), very little at "hard"/race pace (14-16), with long slow distance kept below VT1 / 2 mM lactateThe authors report effect sizes consistently favouring polarized over threshold trainingHydren & Cohen 2015C+Improved Muscular Efficiency Displayed as a Tour de France Champion Matures: 7-Year Case StudyCoyle 2005B+The Effects of Training on Gross Efficiency in Cycling: A ReviewHopker 2009A-Strength Training for Middle- and Long-Distance Performance: Meta-Analysis of 28 Studies (running, cycling, cross-country skiing, swimming)Berryman 2018A-Effects of Strength Training on the Physiological Determinants of Middle- and Long-Distance Running Performance: A Systematic ReviewBlagrove 2018AThe Effect of Strength Training on Performance in Endurance AthletesSystematic review of 26 controlled studies: strength training improved time-trial performance, economy, velocity/power at VO2max and vMART in trained endurance athletesBeattie 2014B+Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise and Performance: Foundational Review (Jeukendrup 2004)Jeukendrup 2004BCompetition Nutrition Practices of Elite Ultramarathon Runners (three 100-mile specialists)Stellingwerff 2016B+Carbohydrates for Training and Competition: Updated Recommendations (IOC consensus review)Burke 2011BAdding fructose to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast extended cycling time to exhaustion at the first ventilatory threshold by about 7 minutes (137 vs 130 min) in eight trained menPodlogar 2022BFructose (or Galactose) Added to Maltodextrin Doubles Post-Exercise Liver Glycogen Synthesis vs GlucoseDécombaz 2011B+Hypohydration (>2% Body Mass) Impairs Aerobic PerformanceUsually in Warm-Hot, Sometimes in Temperate, Not in Cold ConditionsSawka 2015BCarbohydrate Plus Caffeine Increases Glycogen Resynthesis by 66%Pedersen 2008