Science
The research the BLOCKS assistant answers from: 1,118 studies and 81 guides, each graded for how strong the evidence is and who it was measured on, with a link to the original paper.
117 entries in More topics
B-Static-dynamic (slow, no-relaxation) for endurance?Untested in trained endurance athletes; no significant 3000 m gain vs controls in 4 weeks; mitochondria unmeasured. Grows muscle in the untrained; no heavy-lifting substitute.Guide · 34 sourcesB-Isometric trainingPick it for a named goal, as an add-on to heavy dynamic lifting, not a replacement: wall squats or handgrip lower resting blood pressure (the best evidence, in non-athletes), near-maximal holds…Guide · 45 sourcesB-Calories on the label vs what the body getsA label or app number is an Atwater estimate, a workable starting point for a mixed diet (practice, not measured) and wrong in a known direction for some foods (whole nuts, very fibre-rich whole-food…Guide · 17 sourcesC+Coming backThe reason for the break decides the return, and a few days off is not the emergency the athlete thinks it isGuide · 23 sourcesC+The masters athleteMost standard concessions are not supported; keep the intensity, and widen the gaps on recovery signals, not on age (both are the base's reasoning)Guide · 32 sourcesB+The taperCut the volume hard, keep every hard session, and stop arguing about the periodisation modelGuide · 22 sourcesBVO2max intervalsThe interior of the rep is the prescription, and a flat 4×5 is a choice that needs a reasonGuide · 33 sourcesBDurabilityEvery threshold you prescribe against was measured rested, and by hour three the athlete is a different athleteGuide · 41 sourcesBOrdering the weekThe gap between a lift and a quality session decides more than the exercises in either, and "which goes first" has two opposite right answersGuide · 18 sourcesBLow readinessWhat the athlete says beats what the strap measures, and, by the base's inference, autoregulation helps the athlete who overreaches while excusing the one who trains inconsistentlyGuide · 19 sourcesC+Ramp and deloadWatch the spike more than the level, and a deload is a response to signals rather than a place in the calendarGuide · 17 sourcesBRest is a prescription, not a pauseRecovery duration sits on a two-phase curve, and the base uses three places on it (its own practice)Guide · 11 sourcesBThreshold workAnchor it on CP not FTP, keep it a tool rather than a diet, and know that our evidence here is thinner than for VO2maxGuide · 31 sourcesBIntensity distribution is a function of HOURS, not of ambitionWhat to do with 4, 8 and 15 hours a weekGuide · 30 sourcesB-Menthol in the heatThe route may change whether it helps, and it can hide heat strain rather than remove itGuide · 12 sourcesBThe metabolic ceilingSustained energy expenditure tops out near 2.5 × BMR, and rest days are what bring a year back down to itGuide · 7 sourcesBPMEP-5 Muscle Damage/Trauma ModelDecision frameworkGuide · 28 sourcesB+Five days of heat acclimation is not enough to raise the critical environmental limitNine are; and the drop in core-temperature rise appears only after 4-8 days of recovery, not during the blockvan den Bogaard 2025BPrecision and accuracy of four handheld blood lactate analyzers across low to high exercise intensitiesAgainst a Biosen reference between 0.88 and 4.89 mM, the four handheld meters (two units each of Lactate Plus, Lactate Pro2, Lactate Scout 4 and TaiDoc TD-4289) read on average −7% (Plus), 7% (Pro)…Mentzoni 2024A-International criteria for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: Consensus statementSudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality in athletes during sport; most of the disorders behind it in young athletes can be identified or suggested by a resting 12-lead ECG, and an…Drezner 2017AConsensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in SportAmsterdam, October 2022: the Concussion in Sport Group's sixth statement, built on 10 systematic reviews, summarises evidence-informed principles of concussion prevention, assessment and management…Patricios 2023B+Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is the most sensitive sign of a scaphoid fracture (0.87–1.00) but is not specificAfter a fall it means "get it imaged", and a normal first X-ray does not close the questionMallee 2014B+After acute wrist trauma about half of emergency patients have a fracture, and even a validated decision rule (98% sensitive, 21% specific) spares only one X-ray in tenA fall onto the hand with swelling or bone tenderness is imagedWalenkamp 2015BPressure over the ulnar side of the palm is highest in the drops, where the wrist is also most extended, and padded gloves cut it by 10–28%Slane 2011B-After a 600-km ride, 23 of 25 cyclists had motor or sensory symptoms in the hands, regardless of experience or handlebar typePatterson 2003B+Physiological, perceptual and neuromuscular responses of team sport athletes to short duration high intensity interval training using cyclingTwist 2025BVariation of Lower-Limb Muscle Activation Asymmetry in Step Incremental and Constant-Power Pedaling ExerciseHeidary 2026A-Effect of Cycling Cadence on Neuromuscular Function: A Systematic Review of Acute and Chronic Alterations13 studies; high cadence at high intensity impairs neuromuscular function and performance more than low cadence, but no cadence range can be recommendedMater 2021B+The effect of turbo trainer cycling on pedalling technique and cycling efficiencyArkesteijn 2013B+An Analysis of Variability in Power Output During Indoor and Outdoor Cycling Time TrialsJeffries 2019B+Physiological Response to Cycling With Variable Versus Constant Power OutputKolsung 2020AInternational Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Caffeine and Exercise Performance (Updated)Guest 2021CMethod for Assessing Numbness and Discomfort in Cyclists' HandsMarrone 2025C+The feasibility and efficacy of coach-led virtual home-based cycling among individuals with cerebral palsyLarsen 2025B+Effect of varying recovery intensities on power outputs during severe intensity intervals in trained cyclists during the Covid-19 pandemicChorley & Lamb 2023C+Virtual Training of Endurance Cycling – A Summary of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and ThreatsMcIlroy 2021B+Combining Heat and Altitude Training to Enhance Temperate, Sea-Level PerformanceGirard 2024B+Serial left ventricular adaptations in world-class professional cyclists: implications for disease screening and follow-upAbergel 2004B+The Training Intensity Distribution of Marathon Runners Across Performance LevelsMuniz-Pumares 2024BDurability in Professional Cyclists: A Field Study on the Relationship Between Physiological Characteristics and Fatigue-Induced Power DeclineValenzuela 2022